Class 7 History. Social change in Tribal and Nomadic communities

III. Answer in brief.
Q1. Name any one prominent tribe each of northern, southern, eastern and western India.
Ans. In the North - The Gujjars
         In the South - The Badagas
         In the East- The Nagas
         In the West - The Banjaras

Q2. How did Banjaras help the Mughals?
Ans. During Medieval times, the Banjaras transported grains from the villages for sale in the towns and cities. They also worked as transporters for the Mughal armies. They carried their provisions and the arms, setting up camp on the outskirts of army encampments.

Q3. Give two examples, from different fields, for the influence of tribal culture on larger society.
Ans. i) Ancestor worship, the worship of fertility gods and goddesses and even practice of vrats or fasting and believed to have tribal origin
ii) Ayurveda draws heavily on the extensive knowledge tribal people had of plants and their medicinal uses.

Q4. Write a short note on Rani Durgavati.
Ans. The Gond queen Durgavati was a Chandela princess who married a Gond prince, Dalpatshah. When Dalpatshah died in AD 1550, as her son was too young, Durgavati ruled the Garha-Mandla Kingdom on his behalf till AD 1564 when she died in battle defending her kingdom against the Mughals.

Q5.Write a short note on the religious beliefs and food habits of the Gonds.
Ans. Religious Beliefs :-
Persa Pen , a family diety , is a distinctive feature of Gond Religion . The Gonds believe in supreme diety , a high god( Baradeo) and each Gond clan had its own Persa Pen. The people sought to ward off god's displeasures with sacrifices and prayers.
Food habits :-
The main food of Gonds was  two varieties of millet called kodo and kutke . Rice was an item of luxury reserved for special days

Q6. Mention the prominent battle between the Mughals and the Ahoms.
Ans. 1) The Mughals first attacked the Ahoms in AD 1615.
2) Them in AD 1662, Mir Jumla , the Mughal Viceroy of Bengal under Aurangzeb, led an expedition against the Ahoms.
3) In AD 1671, the Ahoms , led by Commander in Chief , Lachit Barphjkar, defeated The Mughals at the battle of Saraighat.
4) The final conflict between the two powers took place at the Battle of  Itakhuli in AD 1682.