Class 7 Civics Role played by gender

Ex.II
Ans1. Gender is the way each society sees a 'man' and a 'woman' and the different roles and responsibilities it expects the men and women to take on.

Ans2. Stereotyping is to have certain preconceived notions, which need n necessarily be true, about people and situations. For eg. Women are seen as fit for taking care of the house, cooking, and being a mother and a wife. Men are seen as providers of food and shelter.

Ans3. From the time they are infants, boys and girls are treated differently within most Indian families. Boys are pardoned the most mischievous or antics on the ground that 'boys will be boys'. They are expected to be troublesome. Girls, on the other hand, are expected to be more submissive and obedient.
Girls are expected to help out with the house work while boys are expected to run errands for the family.

Ans4. Since a girl leaves the house after marriage, investing in her welfare was considered to be a waste.
Investing in a boy's future made send as parents felt that later the boy would become the bread-winner of the family and support them in old age.
But this too is changing slowly as people find more and more economically independent women supports their parents in their old age.

Ans5. Even today women are expected to dress and conduct themselves with decorum in public, and not draw attention to themselves in any way. Women who choice to travel on their own, especially after dark, are viewed with suspicion and are often subjected to unwanted attention and comments.

Ans6. The gender- based discrimination of women and girls includes the denial of basic human rights to women, the preference of sons over daughters, and the the se of physical violence against women. Women and girls are deprived of equal access to resources, opportunities and political power.

Ans7. Sine household chores do not bring in any money, a woman's work is considered of no importance and is treated as if it does not exist. This is called the invisibilisation of a woman's work. Even when they work on the agricultural fields, their work is taken for granted.

Ans8. Women who work outside their homes, largely work in the  informal sector which includes all the small and cottage industries that are not bound by the rules laid down by the government. People who work in the informal sector, therefore, often work in the most appalling conditions.

Ans9. To make gender equality's impact felt better, women must have influence in decision making.
Women and girls now have access to opportunities that were previously not available to them. Primary school enrolment rates for girls have jumped. More and more women are part of local bodies.
Several acts have been introduced in Parliament to bring about gender equality. Thirty three percent reserve has been introduced in local government bodies.

Nine Gold Medals Class 7

Nine Gold Medals
A1.
Ans1.  The spectators had gathered there to cheer the participants of the Special Olympics.

Ans2. There was excitement in the air in anticipation of the last event of the day - the 100 metres race.

Ans3. The participants were waiting for the signal - the sound of gunshot, to charge ahead.

Ans4. As soon as the race began, the youngest of the athletes stumbled and fell down on the track and cried out in pain.

Ans5. On hearing the young boy's cry, the other athletes stopped, turned around and rushed to help the boy to his feet. Then they all walked together, hand in hand, to the finish line.

Ans6. The spectators, who were overwhelmed with emotion and respect to witness such a rare display of brotherhood and true sportsmanship, gave a standing ovation to the nine athletes.

A2
Ans1. These lines refer to the youngest of the nine runners. When the pistol announced the start of the race all the runners charged ahead. But the youngest runner stumbled and fell on the asphalt. He cried out in  frustration  and anguish as he felt he had lost the race, thus bringing an unhappy end to all his dreams of success.

2. When the youngest runner fell, the rest of the eight runners stopped and turned back to help the boy get up. They did this in spite of having undergone rigorous training for months with the aim to win.

3. All the nine runners joined hands and almost walked up to the finishing line. The banner indicating that it was a Special Olympics was appropriate. It was a 'special' Olympics because such a victory had never been seen before, such sportsman spirit had never been perceived before.

A3.

Ans1. These words refer to the medals awarded to athletes according to their winning positions. 'Gold' is for the athlete who comes first, 'silver' for second position and 'bronze' for third position.

Ans2. It was the youngest runner who cried out , because of the anguish that he felt at losing the race. Months of rigorous practice would be futile.

Ans3. The poet conveys the very important message for staying united and, the nobility of sportsman spirit.

Class 7 Lord Ullin's Daughter

Lord Ullin's Daughter
A1.
Ans 1. The chieftain is the chief of Ulva's isle. He is with his beloved bride, Lord Ullin's daughter. He wanted the boatman to help them cross the lake quickly.

Ans2. The chieftain was afraid of Lord Ullin and his men. If they caught up with them they would surely kill him. He and his bride had defied Lord Ullin. They had been on the run for three days from him

Ans 3. They were successful in escaping  Lord Ullin and his men. However, both of them drowned in the stormy sea.

A2
Ans1. a. The boatman said this to the chieftain.
b. The speaker agreed to help the couple not for the money that the chieftain was offering him, but for the sake of his beautiful , innocent bride.
c. Though initially reluctant , the boatman immediately  sailed away into the stormy sea with the two lovers.

Ans2. a. Lord Ullin's daughter said this to the boatman.
b. She is ready to suffer the consequences of a stormy sea rather than face the wrath of her father.

Ans3. a. Here, 'he' refers to Lord Ullin.
b. Lord Ullin is left lamenting as the sea devours his daughter. He hastily promises to let them get them married but it is too late.
c. When Lord Ullin reached the shore with his men , his wrath changed to grief. He found his lovely daughter drowning with one hand stretched out for help and the other around her lover. Lord Ullin repented his deeds and wanted to forgive his daughter. But it was too late. His cries were in vain. The stormy sea had already claimed his daughter and her lover.

A3
Ans1. The chieftain and his beloved are running away because Lord Ullin , along with his armed men , is chasing them. They have eloped and Lord Ullin wants to get his daughter back. He will kill the chieftain for this insolence.
Ans2. Lord Ullin loved his daughter dearly. He was harsh but it was his love for her love that made him angry at her choice to accept the chief of Ulva's isle. The death of his daughter is a harsh punishment for him. Lord Ullin called out to his daughter that he forgave her, and would accept her lover. But it was in vain. When Lord Ullin reached the shore with his men, his wrath changed to grief. He found  his lovely daughter drowning with one hand stretched out for help and the other around her lover.

Class 7 Lord Ullin's Daughter

Lord Ullin's Daughter
A1.
Ans 1. The chieftain is the chief of Ulva's isle. He is with his beloved bride, Lord Ullin's daughter. He wanted the boatman to help them cross the lake quickly.

Ans

Class 7 History. Social change in Tribal and Nomadic communities

III. Answer in brief.
Q1. Name any one prominent tribe each of northern, southern, eastern and western India.
Ans. In the North - The Gujjars
         In the South - The Badagas
         In the East- The Nagas
         In the West - The Banjaras

Q2. How did Banjaras help the Mughals?
Ans. During Medieval times, the Banjaras transported grains from the villages for sale in the towns and cities. They also worked as transporters for the Mughal armies. They carried their provisions and the arms, setting up camp on the outskirts of army encampments.

Q3. Give two examples, from different fields, for the influence of tribal culture on larger society.
Ans. i) Ancestor worship, the worship of fertility gods and goddesses and even practice of vrats or fasting and believed to have tribal origin
ii) Ayurveda draws heavily on the extensive knowledge tribal people had of plants and their medicinal uses.

Q4. Write a short note on Rani Durgavati.
Ans. The Gond queen Durgavati was a Chandela princess who married a Gond prince, Dalpatshah. When Dalpatshah died in AD 1550, as her son was too young, Durgavati ruled the Garha-Mandla Kingdom on his behalf till AD 1564 when she died in battle defending her kingdom against the Mughals.

Q5.Write a short note on the religious beliefs and food habits of the Gonds.
Ans. Religious Beliefs :-
Persa Pen , a family diety , is a distinctive feature of Gond Religion . The Gonds believe in supreme diety , a high god( Baradeo) and each Gond clan had its own Persa Pen. The people sought to ward off god's displeasures with sacrifices and prayers.
Food habits :-
The main food of Gonds was  two varieties of millet called kodo and kutke . Rice was an item of luxury reserved for special days

Q6. Mention the prominent battle between the Mughals and the Ahoms.
Ans. 1) The Mughals first attacked the Ahoms in AD 1615.
2) Them in AD 1662, Mir Jumla , the Mughal Viceroy of Bengal under Aurangzeb, led an expedition against the Ahoms.
3) In AD 1671, the Ahoms , led by Commander in Chief , Lachit Barphjkar, defeated The Mughals at the battle of Saraighat.
4) The final conflict between the two powers took place at the Battle of  Itakhuli in AD 1682.